architecture overview

QoreChain is a modular blockchain node composed of three primary processes -- the chain node, AI sidecar, and block indexer -- backed by a Postgres database and monitored via Prometheus and Grafana. The following diagram shows the high-level component layout.

┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                            QoreChain Node                                  │
│                                                                            │
│  ┌──────────────────── Virtual Machines ──────────────────────┐           │
│  │  ┌───────┐    ┌──────────┐    ┌───────┐                   │           │
│  │  │  EVM  │    │ CosmWasm │    │  SVM  │                   │           │
│  │  │(Sol.) │◄──►│ (Wasm)   │◄──►│ (BPF) │                   │           │
│  │  └───┬───┘    └────┬─────┘    └───┬───┘                   │           │
│  │      └─────────┬───┘──────────────┘                       │           │
│  │           x/crossvm (bridge)                               │           │
│  └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘           │
│                                                                            │
│  ┌────────────────────── Tokenomics ─────────────────────────┐           │
│  │  ┌──────┐   ┌───────┐   ┌───────────┐                    │           │
│  │  │x/burn│   │x/xqore│   │x/inflation│                    │           │
│  │  │10 ch.│   │lock/  │   │epoch decay│                    │           │
│  │  │40/30/│   │unlock │   │17.5→2%    │                    │           │
│  │  │20/10 │   │PvP    │   │           │                    │           │
│  │  └──────┘   └───────┘   └───────────┘                    │           │
│  └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘           │
│                                                                            │
│  ┌──────────── IBC / Bridges (v1.2.0) ───────────────────────┐           │
│  │  ┌──────────┐  ┌──────────┐  ┌───────────┐  ┌──────────┐ │           │
│  │  │x/bridge  │  │x/babylon │  │x/abstract │  │x/gas     │ │           │
│  │  │17 QCB +  │  │BTC re-   │  │ account   │  │abstract. │ │           │
│  │  │8 IBC     │  │staking   │  │session key│  │multi-tok │ │           │
│  │  └────┬─────┘  └────┬─────┘  └───────────┘  └──────────┘ │           │
│  │  QCB Bridge     Babylon IBC   ERC-4337-like   ibc/USDC    │           │
│  │  PQC-signed     BTC finality  social recov.   ibc/ATOM    │           │
│  │  12 chain types checkpoint    spending rules  fee convert  │           │
│  │  ┌──────────┐                                              │           │
│  │  │x/fair    │  5-Lane Prioritization: PQC|MEV|AI|Def|Free │           │
│  │  │ block    │  tIBE encrypted mempool (stub, v1.2.0)      │           │
│  │  └──────────┘                                              │           │
│  └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘           │
│                                                                            │
│  ┌──── Rollup Development Kit (v1.3.0) ──────────────────────┐           │
│  │  ┌──────────┐  ┌──────────┐  ┌───────────┐  ┌──────────┐ │           │
│  │  │ x/rdk    │  │Settlement│  │ DA Router │  │ Profiles │ │           │
│  │  │ 4 modes: │  │Optimistic│  │ Native    │  │ DeFi     │ │           │
│  │  │ opt/zk/  │  │ZK/Based/ │  │ Celestia* │  │ Gaming   │ │           │
│  │  │ based/   │  │Sovereign │  │ Both      │  │ NFT      │ │           │
│  │  │ sovereign│  │          │  │           │  │ Enterpr. │ │           │
│  │  └────┬─────┘  └────┬─────┘  └───────────┘  └──────────┘ │           │
│  │  Bank escrow    Auto-finalize  SHA-256 commit  AI-assisted │           │
│  │  Burn on create EndBlocker     Blob pruning    RL suggest  │           │
│  │  → x/multilayer (RegisterSidechain + AnchorState)          │           │
│  └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘           │
│                                                                            │
│  ┌──────────────┐ ┌──────┐ ┌────────────┐ ┌─────┐                       │
│  │x/rlconsensus │ │ x/ai │ │x/reputation│ │x/qca│                       │
│  │  RL Agent    │ │      │ │            │ │     │                       │
│  └──────┬───────┘ └──┬───┘ └────┬──────┘ └──┬──┘                       │
│   PPO MLP         AI Engine   Scoring    CPoS Pools                      │
│   Obs/Action      Fraud Det.  Decay      Bonding                         │
│   Circuit Brk     Fee Opt.    Sigmoid    Slashing                        │
│   Rollup Adv.     TEE/FL                 QDRW Gov                        │
│                                                                            │
│  ┌──────┐ ┌──────────┐                                                   │
│  │x/pqc │ │ x/multi  │                                                   │
│  └──┬───┘ └────┬─────┘                                                   │
│  Dilithium    Layer Router                                                │
│  ML-KEM       Sidechains                                                  │
│  Hybrid Sig   + Rollups                                                   │
│  SHAKE-256                                                                │
│                                                                            │
│  ┌──────┐ ┌───────┐                                                      │
│  │x/svm │ │x/cross│                                                      │
│  └──┬───┘ └───┬───┘                                                      │
│  BPF Exec   CrossVM Msg                                                   │
└────────┬──────┬───────────────────────────────────────┬───────────────────┘
         │      │                                       │
   ┌─────┴─────┐│                              ┌───────┴──────┐
   │libqorepqc ││                              │  Indexer     │
   │(Rust PQC) ││                              │  (Postgres)  │
   └───────────┘│                              └──────────────┘
   ┌───────────┐│  ┌──────────┐
   │libqoresvm ││  │AI Sidecar│
   │(Rust BPF) │└──│ (gRPC)   │
   └───────────┘   └──────────┘

Node Components

QoreChain runs as three cooperating processes, each with its own Go module and binary:

Component	Description	Location
qorechain-node	The core blockchain node. Runs the QoreChain Consensus Engine, executes all 18 custom modules, manages all three VM runtimes, and exposes RPC, REST, gRPC, and JSON-RPC endpoints.	qorechain-core/
ai-sidecar	A gRPC service that provides advanced AI inference capabilities backed by the QCAI Backend. The sidecar handles inference requests that exceed the on-chain RL agent's scope, such as natural language analysis and complex pattern recognition. Communicates with the node over gRPC on port 50051.	qorechain-core/sidecar/
block-indexer	A WebSocket listener that subscribes to new blocks and transactions from the node's RPC endpoint, parses events, and writes structured data to a Postgres database for fast querying by explorers and APIs.	qorechain-core/indexer/

Ports

Port	Protocol	Service
26657	HTTP/WebSocket	QoreChain Consensus Engine RPC (blocks, transactions, consensus state)
1317	HTTP	REST API (query endpoints, transaction broadcast)
9090	gRPC	gRPC query and transaction endpoints
8545	HTTP	EVM JSON-RPC (eth_, web3_, net_, txpool_, qor_ namespaces)
8546	WebSocket	EVM JSON-RPC (WebSocket subscriptions)
8899	HTTP	SVM JSON-RPC (Solana-compatible: getAccountInfo, getBalance, getSlot, etc.)
50051	gRPC	AI Sidecar (inference requests from the node)
5432	TCP	Postgres (block indexer storage)
9091	HTTP	Prometheus metrics
3000	HTTP	Grafana dashboards

Module Map

QoreChain registers 18 custom modules grouped by function:

Security

• x/pqc -- Post-quantum cryptography: Dilithium-5, ML-KEM-1024, hybrid Ed25519 + ML-DSA-87, SHAKE-256, algorithm agility

AI and Machine Learning

• x/ai -- Transaction routing, anomaly detection, fraud detection, fee optimization, TEE attestation, federated learning

• x/reputation -- Multi-factor validator reputation scoring with temporal decay

• x/rlconsensus -- On-chain RL agent (PPO MLP), dynamic consensus tuning, circuit breaker, rollup advisory

Consensus

• x/qca -- Triple-pool CPoS (RPoS/DPoS/PoS), custom bonding curve, progressive slashing, QDRW governance

Virtual Machines

• x/vm -- VM routing and lifecycle management

• x/svm -- SVM runtime: BPF deployment/execution, rent collection, Solana-compatible RPC

• x/crossvm -- Cross-VM communication: EVM-CosmWasm precompile + SVM async events

Tokenomics

• x/burn -- 10 burn channels, EndBlocker fee distribution (40/30/20/10 split)

• x/xqore -- Governance-boosted staking: lock/unlock, graduated exit penalties, PvP rebase

• x/inflation -- Epoch-based emission decay: 17.5% to 2%

Bridges and Interoperability

• x/bridge -- 17 QCB endpoints across 12 chain types, PQC-signed attestations, circuit breakers

• x/babylon -- BTC restaking via Babylon Protocol, epoch checkpoints

• x/multilayer -- Sidechain/paychain/rollup layer management, state anchoring

Governance Extensions (v1.2.0)

• x/abstractaccount -- Smart accounts: multisig, social recovery, session keys, spending rules

• x/fairblock -- MEV protection: threshold IBE encrypted mempool framework

• x/gasabstraction -- Multi-token gas payment: ibc/USDC, ibc/ATOM fee conversion

Rollups (v1.3.0)

• x/rdk -- Rollup Development Kit: 4 settlement modes, preset profiles, native DA, bank escrow

AnteHandler Chain

Every transaction passes through the following decorator chain before execution. Decorators run in order; any decorator can reject the transaction.

SetUpContext
  → CircuitBreaker
    → PQCVerify
      → PQCHybridVerify
        → AIAnomaly
          → FairBlock
            → SVMComputeBudget
              → SVMDeductFee
                → Extension
                  → ValidateBasic
                    → TxTimeout
                      → Memo
                        → MinGasPrice
                          → ConsumeTxSize
                            → GasAbstraction
                              → DeductFee
                                → SetPubKey
                                  → ValidateSigCount
                                    → SigGasConsume
                                      → SigVerify
                                        → IncrementSequence

Key decorators are described below as a stepper (each decorator runs in sequence and can reject a transaction):

1

PQCVerify

Module: x/pqc

Purpose: Verify Dilithium-5 signatures on PQC-flagged transactions.

2

PQCHybridVerify

Module: x/pqc

Purpose: Verify dual Ed25519 + ML-DSA-87 hybrid signatures.

3

AIAnomaly

Module: x/ai

Purpose: Run isolation forest anomaly detection and risk scoring.

4

FairBlock

Module: x/fairblock

Purpose: Process tIBE encrypted transactions for MEV protection.

5

SVMComputeBudget

Module: x/svm

Purpose: Validate and allocate compute units for SVM programs.

6

SVMDeductFee

Module: x/svm

Purpose: Deduct SVM-specific execution fees.

7

GasAbstraction

Module: x/gasabstraction

Purpose: Convert non-native fee tokens (USDC, ATOM) before deduction.

Docker Compose Stack

The full testnet runs as a six-service Docker Compose deployment on a shared bridge network (qorechain-net):

Service	Image	Purpose
qorechain-node	qorechain-core:latest	Chain node with all modules, VMs, and RPC endpoints
ai-sidecar	qorechain-sidecar:latest	AI inference service (gRPC + QCAI Backend)
block-indexer	qorechain-indexer:latest	Block/transaction indexer (WebSocket + Postgres)
postgres	postgres:16-alpine	Database for the block indexer
prometheus	prom/prometheus:latest	Metrics collection and storage
grafana	grafana/grafana:latest	Monitoring dashboards and alerting

Start the full stack:

docker compose up -d

All persistent data is stored in named Docker volumes: node-data, postgres-data, prometheus-data, and grafana-data.